DEA-Tier를 이용한 국내건설기업의 효율성 분석

Abstract

최근 국내 건설기업들은 국내 공공부분 발주물량 감소와 건설시장 침체로 큰 어려움에 직면하고 있으며, 미분양에 따른 자금조달 어려움, 원자재 가격상승 등 내외적으로 어려운 상황의 지속됨으로 인해 줄줄이 좌초되는 건설기업들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 많은 전문가들이 향후 국내 건설경기를 부정적으로 보는 현실이 계속되고 있다. 또한, 과다한 부채와 그에 따른 금융비용 부담, 높은 원가율, 그리고 원가를 고려하지 않은 수주로 인한 공사미수금 및 기타 미수채권에 따른 대손의 증가 등으로 건설업체 수익성의 압박으로 시공능력평가 순위 100위권의 기업들 중에서 법정관리, 부도처리 등 경영이 어려운 기업들이 다수 존재한다. 따라서 건설업체의 경영 안정성을 제고하기 위해서는 금융비용의 절감, 원가관리의 강화 등 효율성 강화 노력이 시급하다. 이에 본 연구는 2011년 국내 건설기업의 매출액 상위 50위 기업들에 대하여 효율성을 평가하였다. DEA-Tier 분석을 이용하여 효율성을 평가하기 위해, 투입변수와 산출변수의 특성을 고려하여 투입지향 CCR모형을 적용하였다. 건설기업의 효율성 평가를 위한 투입·산출 변수는 선행연구를 통해 투입변수를 종업원수, 자본금으로 선정하였으며, 산출변수를 매출액과 당기순이익으로 선정하였다. 효율성을 단계별로 분석한 결과, 총 여섯 단계로 진행되었으며 최종적으로 비효율적으로 나타난 기업에게는 단계별 벤치마킹 대상을 제시하였다. 벤치마킹 대상의 기준은 최종적으로 비효율적인 결과로 나타난 기업들의 각 단계별 Tier 분석에서 가장 높은 준거집단의 Lambda값을 보인 기업을 벤치마킹 대상으로 삼는다. 본 연구의 벤치마킹 최종 표준경로는 ‘DMU33 → DMU9 → DMU8 → DMU23/DMU39 → DMU19 → DMU28’로 나타났다. 건설산업의 기존연구에서는 단순한 경영성과 분석이나, 기업효율성 평가, 또는 운영효율성과 시공능력평가 순위간의 상관관계 분석에 관한 연구가 있으며, 이를 통해 건설산업 효율성의 현 상태를 파악한 연구만이 이루어져왔으나, 본 연구에서는 단계별로 실질적인 벤치마킹 대상을 제시하여 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 국내 건설기업들의 효율성 개선을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 2011년의 건설기업의 효율성만을 분석한 결과로, 전년도와 비교한 기업 효율성 변화의 측정과 함께 효율성 변화에 대해 벤치마킹 대상 뿐 아니라 실질적인 효율성 개선방안을 제안하는 것 또한 필요할 것으로 본다. |Recently domestic construction companies are facing serious difficulty due to the decrease in domestic public job order and recession in construction market. Construction companies that go bankruptcy are increasing due to the difficulties at home and abroad including financial difficulty caused by unsold apartments and increase in raw material price. Accordingly, the reality, in which many specialists see future domestic construction market prospect as negative, is continuing. At present, there are many construction companies among domestic top 100 companies in terms of construction capability which went bankruptcy or are under legal management due to the pressure on profitability coming from construction receivable and other receivables caused by past order receiving without considering cost, high cost ratio, excessive debt and subsequent heavy financial cost burden. Therefore, hard effort on efficiency improvement of construction companies such as decreasing financial cost and reinforcing cost management is urgently required in order to enhance management stability of construction companies. Accordingly, this study evaluated the efficiency of top 50 domestic construction companies in 2011 in terms of revenue. In order to evaluate the efficiency by DEA-Tier analysis, input-oriented CCR model was applied considering the characteristics of input variables and output variables. Regarding the input/output variables to evaluate the efficiency of construction companies, number of employees and capital amount were selected as input variable; while revenue and net profit during the term were selected as output variables. The analysis result of efficiency by step was as following. The analysis went on in 6 steps and a benchmarking object company was suggested to a company, which had been found as inefficient as final. The criteria for a benchmarking object company was set as a company which showed highest reference group lambda value in stepwise tier analysis on construction companies which had been found as inefficient as final. The final benchmarking standard path of this study was found as ‘DMU33 → DMU9 → DMU8 → DMU23/DMU39 → DMU19 → DMU28’. There are existing studies on construction companies such as simple management performance analysis, company efficiency evaluation and correlation analysis between operation efficiency and construction capability evaluation. Existing studies have been done based on such studies on current state of construction efficiency; however, this study overcame the limitation of existing studies by suggesting practical benchmarking object companies at each step. It is believed that the result of this study could be utilized as basic information in improving efficiency of domestic construction companies in the future. This study analyzed the efficiency of construction companies in 2011 only. Therefore, more studies that can suggest practical efficiency improvement plan based on efficiency change by yearly measuring company efficiency would be required in the future in addition to giving the names of benchmarking objective company as in this study.; Recently domestic construction companies are facing serious difficulty due to the decrease in domestic public job order and recession in construction market. Construction companies that go bankruptcy are increasing due to the difficulties at home and abroad including financial difficulty caused by unsold apartments and increase in raw material price. Accordingly, the reality, in which many specialists see future domestic construction market prospect as negative, is continuing. At present, there are many construction companies among domestic top 100 companies in terms of construction capability which went bankruptcy or are under legal management due to the pressure on profitability coming from construction receivable and other receivables caused by past order receiving without considering cost, high cost ratio, excessive debt and subsequent heavy financial cost burden. Therefore, hard effort on efficiency improvement of construction companies such as decreasing financial cost and reinforcing cost management is urgently required in order to enhance management stability of construction companies. Accordingly, this study evaluated the efficiency of top 50 domestic construction companies in 2011 in terms of revenue. In order to evaluate the efficiency by DEA-Tier analysis, input-oriented CCR model was applied considering the characteristics of input variables and output variables. Regarding the input/output variables to evaluate the efficiency of construction companies, number of employees and capital amount were selected as input variable