비주거 한옥 가치요인 분석 및 제도적 지원방향

Abstract

한옥 밀집지역이 관광자원으로 활용이 가능하다는 것이 확인된 이후 많은 기초자치단체들이 한옥에 대한 지원조례를 만들어 운영해오고 있다. 그러나 한옥 밀집지역 내에서 비주거용 한옥으로 용도가 전환되어 사용되는 한옥이 점차 늘어나는 상황임에도 불구하고, 비주거 용도로 이용되고 있는 한옥에 대한 사회적 가치의 평가와 관리 및 제도적 지원방안에 대해서는 사회적 관심이 소홀하였다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 비주거 한옥에 대한 관리적 측면에서 비주거 한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 필요성을 뒷받침하는 가치요인과 제도적 지원방향을 분석하는데 있다. 본 연구의 공간적 범위는 서울의 서촌지역이며, 시간적 범위는 서촌에 대한 계획적인 개발 및 보전을 위한 지구단위계획 수립을 위한 기초조사 시점인 2008년부터 2013년 현재까지로 설정하였다. 연구방법 측면에서는 로지스틱 모형을 활용하여 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원 가치를 분석하였으며, 포트폴리오 분석을 통해 향후 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원 방향에 대해 연구하였다. 우선 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원 가치 분석에는 비주거 한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 찬성 여부를 종속변수로 선행연구 고찰 및 전문가 FGI를 거쳐 12개의 독립변수(훼손된 한옥의 이용, 주거환경 열악한 한옥의 활용, 한옥 외관상 가치, 지역 내 커뮤니티시설, 지역의 생활복지 서비스 제공, 지역의 정체성, 지역주민의 일자리 제공, 관광객 수용, 상업공간 제공, 역사성 부족, 한옥에 대한 개방성 강화, 예술문화 활성화 등)를 도출하였다. 비주거 한옥 제도적 지원 필요성 결정요인 분석결과, 총 12개의 요인들 중 8개의 요인이 비주거 한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 필요성 결정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 응답자들은 첫째, 지역(마을) 내 거주환경이 열악한 가옥을 상업용도 등 비주거 한옥으로 활용이 가능하다는 점에서 발생하는 가치, 둘째, 건축적 측면에서 한옥 자체가 갖는 고유의 역사성 가치, 셋째, 지역(마을)의 생활복지 서비스(보육 및 의료 등)를 제공하는 시설(수단)로서의 가치, 넷째, 한옥밀집지역 내 비주거 한옥의 가치, 다섯째, 도시마케팅 측면에서 한옥 밀집지역의 가치가 높아짐에 따라 방문하는 방문객의 체류 및 여가시설로서의 가치, 여섯째, 지역(마을) 내 일반상업(마트, 카페, 숙박시설 등) 시설(수단)을 제공하는 가치, 일곱째, 거주자 이외에 쉽게 접근할 수 없는 한옥을 일반 방문객 및 해외 관광객이 쉽게 접할 수 있다는 측면에서 오는 가치를 비주거 한옥이 일반한옥에 비해 상대적으로 갖는 사회적 가치로 판단하는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에 비주거 한옥이 전통지구 내 역사성 훼손에 영향을 미친다고 인식하는 경우 비주거 한옥에 대한 제도적 지원 필요성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원방향 분석은 조례 검토와 선행연구 검토, 1차 제도적 지원 항목 동의도 및 추가 요청사항 검토를 통해 12개의 제도적 지원 항목을 도출하였으며, 비주거 한옥에 대한 실무자와 지역주민을 대상으로 포트폴리오 분석을 통해 제도적 지원항목으로써 중요도 및 지역주민과 실무자 그룹 간 인식차이를 살펴보았다. 포트폴리오 분석결과, ‘발전계획 연계시 지원’, ‘멸실 및 훼손 가옥 활용시 지원’‘조례상 명시’, ‘가로환경 개선’, ‘협의체 마련’, ‘외관 규제’등 6개 제도적 지원항목은 향후 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원이 필요한 항목으로 지역주민과 실무자 공통적으로 중요하다고 판단하는 것으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 ‘방문객 주차장 조성’, ‘건폐율 완화’ 등 2개 항목은 향후 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원이 필요한 항목으로 지역주민은 중요하게 판단하지만 실무자는 중요하게 평가하지 않는 제도적 지원항목으로 분석되었으며, 반대로 실무자들은 중요하게 판단하지만 지역주민은 상대적으로 중요하게 평가하지 않는 지원항목으로 ‘비주거 한옥 밀집공간 조성’, ‘비주거 공급 관리’, ‘비주거 위치 규제’등 3개 항목이 나타났다. 마지막으로 실무 그룹 심층 인터뷰를 통해 본 연구에서 제시한 비주거 한옥의 제도적 지원 항목들의 현실적 적용가능성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, ‘근린생활시설 지원’, ‘멸실 및 훼손 가옥 활용시 지원’, ‘조례상 명기’, ‘가로환경 개선’, ‘협의체 마련’등은 향후 제도화 가능성이 높은 제도적 지원항목인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 ‘건폐율 완화’, ‘방문객 주차장 조성’, ‘비주거 공급관리’등 3개 항목은 제도화 가능성이 낮은 것으로 의견이 모아졌다.‘ ‘발전계획 연계시 지원’, ‘비주거 한옥 밀집공간 조성’, ‘외관 규제’, ‘비주거 위치 규제’등은 제도적 지원 필요성은 인정되지만, 제도화 가능성은 불투명한 지원방안인 것으로 나타났다.|Many local governments are passing the ordinances about Han-ok and administering them after they considered concentration areas of Han-ok are useful source for tourism. There are lack of social concerns for the management and the public support of non-residential Han-ok and devaluation of social value nevertheless current situation is a gradual increase of Han-ok within the heavily settled areas. Therefore, major purpose of the research is analyzing value factors influencing the essential need of public support and maintain scheme as administrative side. There were some time and space restrictions so the study was based on Seochon area in Seoul between 2008 and 2013. It was because basic research started establishing district units plan for development and conservation. The research method was logistic regression model to examine value factors of public support for non residential Han-ok after then it was investigated further institutional strategies by portfolio analysis. First of all, it measured the approval of the public support regarding non-residential Han-ok as dependent variable through the literature reviews and professionals’ FGI (Focus Group Interview) and then it elicited 12 independent variables (utilization of damaged traditional houses, use of Ham-ok with poor living conditions, valuable exterior forms of the buildings, value of non-residential Han-ok as community facilities, residential welfare provision, local identity, offering new jobs for the residents, traveler acceptance, provision of commercial places, a paucity of historicity, enhancing openness of Han-ok and promotion of artistic and cultural values). According to the analytical result about the necessity of universal maintenance of non-residential Han-ok, there were 8 out of the 12 affective factors associated with decision of the supportive requirement. The participants represented that there are several social values of non-residential Han-ok compared with the usual Han-ok. First, it is enable to do practical use of the traditional houses with the poor living conditions for instance local business and the second values is the architectural historicity as its own traditions and culture. Moreover there is helpful way to provide welfare services such as medical centers or nurseries and the other one is essential value of non-residential estates in the clustered Han-ok areas. Consequently the value of Han-ok densely built-up district has escalated for city marketing strategies and the fifth reason is that those houses are available to utilizing tourist accommodations and leisure facilities. In addition, these are precious assets to offering general commerce such as supermarkets, guest houses or café. In the past ordinary people excluding the residents was very difficult to approach those Han-ok hence the last value is that more general visitors and foreign tourists are easy to access them. Beside it demonstrated the need of public supports just in case they are recognized that non-residential Han-ok has a negative effect like damaged historicity within traditional areas. After move on to the examination of institutional development scheme for non-residential Han-ok, there were indicated 12 public support factors by way of literature review, ordinance study, consent of primary improvement factors and additional requirement study. Furthermore it examined importance of individual sustaining factors and compared perception gap between the executives and the local people. As the result of portfolio analysis, both of two groups thought 6 significant support factors; Many local governments are passing the ordinances about Han-ok and administering them after they considered concentration areas of Han-ok are useful source for tourism. There are lack of social concerns for the management and the public support of non-residential Han-ok and devaluation of social value nevertheless current situation is a gradual increase of Han-ok within the heavily settled areas. Therefore, major purpose of the research is analyzing value factors influencing the essential need of public support and maintain scheme as administrative side. There were some time and space restrictions so the study was based on Seochon area in Seoul between 2008 and 2013. It was because basic research started establishing district units plan for development and conservation. The research method was logistic regression model to examine value factors of public support for non residential Han-ok after then it was investigated further institutional strategies by portfolio analysis. First of all, it measured the approval of the public support regarding non-residential Han-ok as dependent variable through the literature reviews and professionals’ FGI (Focus Group Interview) and then it elicited 12 independent variables (utilization of damaged traditional houses, use of Ham-ok with poor living conditions, valuable exterior forms of the buildings, value of non-residential Han-ok as community facilities, residential welfare provision, local identity, offering new jobs for the residents, traveler acceptance, provision of commercial places, a paucity of historicity, enhancing openness of Han-ok and promotion of artistic and cultural values). According to the analytical result about the necessity of universal maintenance of non-residential Han-ok, there were 8 out of the 12 affective factors associated with decision of the supportive requirement. The participants represented that there are several social values of non-residential Han-ok compared with the usual Han-ok. First, it is enable to do practical use of the traditional houses with the poor living conditions for instance local business and the second values is the architectural historicity as its own traditions and culture. Moreover there is helpful way to provide welfare services such as medical centers or nurseries and the other one is essential value of non-residential estates in the clustered Han-ok areas. Consequently the value of Han-ok densely built-up district has escalated for city marketing strategies and the fifth reason is that those houses are available to utilizing tourist accommodations and leisure facilities. In addition, these are precious assets to offering general commerce such as supermarkets, guest houses or café. In the past ordinary people excluding the residents was very difficult to approach those Han-ok hence the last value is that more general visitors and foreign tourists are easy to access them. Beside it demonstrated the need of public supports just in case they are recognized that non-residential Han-ok has a negative effect like damaged historicity within traditional areas. After move on to the examination of institutional development scheme for non-residential Han-ok, there were indicated 12 public support factors by way of literature review, ordinance study, consent of primary improvement factors and additional requirement study. Furthermore it examined importance of individual sustaining factors and compared perception gap between the executives and the local people. As the result of portfolio analysis, both of two groups thought 6 significant support factors; the linkage development plan, clear ordinance for ‘utilization of loss and damaged traditional houses’, advanced street environment, organizing consultative group and control of external appearance. The next, the residents responded that ‘guarantee of parking space for visitors’ and ‘mitigation on the control of building coverage ratio’ are fundamental concern on the other hand, the executives do not consider them. Moreover they evaluated that ‘development of massed space of non-residential Han-ok’, ‘provision and management of non-residential properties’ and ‘restriction of non-residential region’ are less important while the executives think those are main issues. Finally this research looked at further political and actual feasibility of the suggested public support factors and then there were higher possibility to promote neighborhood living facilities, utilization of loss and damaged Han-ok, establishing the related ordinances, advanced street environment and arrangement with the consultative group. However, mitigation on the control of building coverage ratio, guarantee of parking space for visitors and provision and management of non-residential properties were less feasible and linkage development plan, development of massed space of non-residential Han-ok and restriction of non-residential region were impossible to put the project into action even though they approved that it is necessary to support it.