지하주차장 환기시스템 운전 시 수요기반 환기량 조절법 적용에 의한 에너지 절약 및 공기질 개선효과 분석

Abstract

지하주차장 환기시스템에 적용되고 있는 현행 제어방식은 팬 에너지 절약을 목적으로 이용객 및 근로자의 실내공기환경을 해치기도 하며 반대로 실내공기환경의 유지를 목적으로 과도한 팬 에너지 소비가 발생하기도 한다. 이것은 지하주차장내의 과도한 팬 에너지 소비량의 저감 및 쾌적한 실내공기환경을 동시에 만족하기 위해서는 새로운 제어방안의 지하주차장 환기시스템의 도입이 요구됨을 의미한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 환기시스템의 에너지 저감 및 실내공기질 개선 효과에 관한 수 많은 사례가 보고된바 있는 수요기반 환기량 조절법(DCV)을 현행 지하주차장 환기시스템에 적용하고자 하였다. 현행 지하주차장 환기량 기준은 차량에 의해 발생하는 CO 농도를 희석 또는 제거하기 위해 필요한 외기도입양으로 정의된다. 대부분의 국가에서는 현행 환기량 기준을 단위 바닥면적당 혹은 단위 체적당 환기량으로 명시하고 있다. 이것은 현행 환기량 기준이 지하주차장에서의 실시간 차량부하를 기반으로 하는 수요기반 환기량 조절법(DCV)의 적용을 어렵게 만드는 요인으로 판단되었으며, 지하주차장에서의 수요기반 환기량 조절법(DCV)을 적용하기 위해 현행 환기량 기준을 차량 1 대당 소요환기량으로 변환하였다. 이후 차량변화를 바탕으로 실시간 환기량 변화 및 CO 농도 변화 시뮬레이션을 통해 지하주차장에서의 수요기반 환기량 조절법(DCV)의 적용성을 분석하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로 무선 센서 네트워크 기반의 지하주차장 파일럿 환기시스템을 설치하여 다양한 제어방안에 따른 팬 에너지 소비량 및 환기성능을 평가하였다. 이상 본 연구에서 제안된 지하주차장의 주요 오염발생원인 차량부하 혹은 대상오염원의 농도 기반의 수요기반 환기량 조절법(DCV) 적용 시 기존의 지하주차장 환기 제어방식에 비해 우수한 에너지 절감 효과 및 쾌적한 실내공기질을 동시에 만족할 수 있는 좋은 대안으로 판단되며, 또한 지하주차장의 공간 이용에 관한 정보에도 추가적인 이점을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.|The conventional ventilation system of constant volume control type used for the mechanical ventilation in underground parking lot demonstrates performance that greatly conforms to requirements in the aspect of indoor air quality. However, problems are still reported in terms of the excessive fan energy consumption. On the other hand, an underground parking lot ventilation system of simple binary control type reduces fan energy consumption through intermittent operation. However, deterioration is inevitable in the aspect of indoor air quality. It means that in order to improve both the reduction of fan energy consumption and good indoor air quality in underground parking lot, the introduction of new control strategy in ventilation system is required. In this study, demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) that is reported the good performance of improving energy savings and indoor air quality, is applied to the underground parking lot. In general, established ventilation standard of each country is defined as the minimum required ventilation rate to maintain CO concentration at a certain level. Each recommended ventilation rate is normalized for the unit floor area or unit volume of space. It is considered that current ventilation standard for underground parking lot makes it difficult to integrate into demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy based on the real-time traffic load. Therefore, this study defined the required ventilation rate per a single vehicle that is the primary source that directly generates contamination in order to apply the demand-controlled ventilation strategy to the underground parking lot. And then its applicability to the demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) based on the real-time variation of the traffic load is quantitatively analyzed by simulating the real-time ventilation air flow rate variation and transient variation of carbon monoxide concentration. It was also evaluated fan energy consumption and ventilation efficiency according to various ventilation control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in underground parking lot. Consequently, both simulation and experiment results is shown that two attractive demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategies, the real-time traffic load based or the contaminant concentration based, in the underground parking lot will be a good alternative strategy which will satisfy both energy saving and healthy indoor environment requirement in comparison with the conventional control strategy. And the proposed demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy could additionally provide people using the underground parking lot with information about space use as an aggregate of various information and communication technologies in the near future.; The conventional ventilation system of constant volume control type used for the mechanical ventilation in underground parking lot demonstrates performance that greatly conforms to requirements in the aspect of indoor air quality. However, problems are still reported in terms of the excessive fan energy consumption. On the other hand, an underground parking lot ventilation system of simple binary control type reduces fan energy consumption through intermittent operation. However, deterioration is inevitable in the aspect of indoor air quality. It means that in order to improve both the reduction of fan energy consumption and good indoor air quality in underground parking lot, the introduction of new control strategy in ventilation system is required. In this study, demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) that is reported the good performance of improving energy savings and indoor air quality, is applied to the underground parking lot. In general, established ventilation standard of each country is defined as the minimum required ventilation rate to maintain CO concentration at a certain level. Each recommended ventilation rate is normalized for the unit floor area or unit volume of space. It is considered that current ventilation standard for underground parking lot makes it difficult to integrate into demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy based on the real-time traffic load. Therefore, this study defined the required ventilation rate per a single vehicle that is the primary source that directly generates contamination in order to apply the demand-controlled ventilation strategy to the underground parking lot. And then its applicability to the demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) based on the real-time variation of the traffic load is quantitatively analyzed by simulating the real-time ventilation air flow rate variation and transient variation of carbon monoxide concentration. It was also evaluated fan energy consumption and ventilation efficiency according to various ventilation control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in underground parking lot. Consequently, both simulation and experiment results is shown that two attractive demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategies, the real-time traffic load based or the contaminant concentration based, in the underground parking lot will be a good alternative strategy which will satisfy both energy saving and healthy indoor environment requirement in comparison with the conventional control strategy. And the proposed demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy could additionally provide people using the underground parking lot with information about space use as an aggregate of various information and communication technologies in the near future.