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한국 새마을운동과 베트남 농촌개발운동의 추진방식과 효과에 관한 비교 연구

Title
한국 새마을운동과 베트남 농촌개발운동의 추진방식과 효과에 관한 비교 연구
Other Titles
A Comparative Study on Implementation Mechanism and Effect of Saemaeul Movement in Korea and New Rural Development Movement in Vietnam
Author
트란휴트리
Alternative Author(s)
TRAN HUU TRI
Advisor(s)
김유은
Issue Date
2016-02
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
본 논문은 한국 새마을운동과 베트남 신농촌개발운동의 추진방식과 효과에 관한 비교 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적은 베트남 신농촌개발운동(Ch??ng trinh xay d?ng nong thon m?i)과 한국의 새마을운동을 ‘지역네트워크 거버넌스’적 시각에서 비교분석하고, 이를 통하여 베트남 신농촌개발운동의 문제점과 개선방안이 무엇인지를 총체적으로 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 한국은 1970년대에 농촌개발을 위해 새마을운동을 추진하기 시작하였다. 새마을운동은 중앙정부의 지원으로 시작되어 이후 주민 협력 및 주민 동원으로 추진됨에 따라 농촌지역사회발전, 주민 의식 증대 등과 같은 매우 큰 성공을 얻게 되었다. 즉 효과적인 지역네트워크 거버넌스 체제의 구축이 한국 농촌개발운동 성공의 중요 요인이었던 것이다. 이러한 성과를 바탕으로 한국의 새마을운동은 국제사회에서 저개발국가에 적용 가능한 가장 성공적인 농촌개발운동 모델이라고 평가되어왔다. 베트남은 1986년 도이머이(đ?i m?i) 정책을 통해 농촌개발을 포함한 전반적인 경제발전정책을 지속적으로 추진하였으나 농촌발전에 관한 별다른 성과를 얻을 수 없었다. 이에 따라 2008년 제10차 공산당 전당대회(đ?i h?i đ?ng toan qu?c l?n th? X)에서 농업, 농촌 그리고 농민에 관한 국가 프로그램을 발표하였고, 2010년부터 2020년까지 신농촌개발운동을 제시하여 이를 베트남 정부의 최우선 과제로 지정하였다. 현재 베트남 정부는 신농촌개발운동을 적극적으로 추진하고 있으나 농촌발전은 여전히 체계적으로 이루어지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 베트남은 다른 나라의 성공적인 지역사회발전모형의 이론 및 경험으로부터 교훈을 얻을 필요가 있다. 베트남 농촌개발운동의 실패 요인으로는 중앙정부와 지방정부 그리고 주민간의 협력관계를 유지하지 못함으로써 상호간의 네트워크를 구축하지 못하였으며 그 결과로 주민의 자발적 참여를 높일 수 없었던 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 농업국이었던 한국 새마을운동의 성공 사례를 분석하여 베트남의 농촌개발운동에 적용하는 것이 베트남 농촌개발운동의 성공에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 한국과 베트남의 농촌개발운동에는 시기상의 차이뿐 아니라 정치·문화적 차이도 존재한다. 그러나 본 연구는 양국의 농촌개발운동을 지역 네트워크의 시각에서 비교 평가하고자 하는 것이기 때문에 양국의 정치·문화적 측면은 배제하였으며, 시기적 차이는 비교기간 당시의 양국의 농촌발전정도가 비슷하다는 점에서 비교가 가능하다고 보았다. 본 연구는 지역 네트워크 거버넌스 차원에서 양국의 농촌개발운동을 비교·분석함으로써 양국 농촌개발운동의 유사점과 차이점을 도출하고, 이를 효과적으로 베트남 농촌개발정책에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 검토하였다. 한국의 새마을운동은 초기 단계에서 중앙정부 주도로 실시되었지만 후기 단계에서 지방정부와 주민에게 주도권을 넘겨주면서 사업을 추진함으로써 예상보다 더 큰 성과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이와 같이 정부와 주민이 상호 협력하는 방식은 베트남 신농촌개발운동에서 미진한 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 베트남에서 추진하고 있는 신농촌개발운동은 농촌지역을 점진적으로 발전시킬 수는 있었지만 농촌주민들의 자발적인 참여를 이끌어 내지 못함으로써 잠재력의 발현에 한계를 보이고 있기 때문에 보다 효과적인 농촌개발방식이 요구된다. 베트남 정부는 신농촌개발운동을 추진하는 동안 발생한 문제점들을 극복하기 위하여 특히 한국 새마을운동의 상호협력 방식, 장려제도, 교육제도 개발 등 지역네트워크의 활성화 방안을 참고하여 베트남 농촌개발사업의 관련 정책들을 재검토해야 할 필요가 있다고 생각한다.|ABSTRACT A Comparative Study on Implementation Mechanism and Effect of Saemaeul Movement in Korea and New Rural Development Movement in Vietnam Tran Huu Tri Dept. of Korean Studies The Graduate School of International Studies Hanyang University This thesis is about the comparative study between Implementation Mechanism and Effect of Saemaeul Movement (SM) in Korea and New Rural Development Movement (NRDM) in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to analyze and reveal the issue, implementation mechanism of NRDM as well as SM in the point of view of Local Network Governance by a comparative analysis. In addition, it focuses on applying SM model in Vietnam as one of the community development models for developing any parts which should be complemented in the future. In the 1970s, Korea began to promote the SM for rural development. Starting with the support of the central government, but because they got a very big success, such as promoting cooperation and the mobilization of residents with rural community development, as consciousness of the residents. That way, SM in Korea was appraised as the most successful model of rural development in developing countries in the international community. Vietnam's 1986 reform and economic development policy, including rural development policies were generally promoted through the opening market. However, until now there was no significant progress on rural development. Therefore, the National Convention in 2008 had announced a national program for rural development, including agriculture, rural and farmers by presenting the National Movement from 2010 until 2020 and it was designated as a top priority of the Vietnamese government's project. The Vietnamese Government is now considering that there is a demand to learn a lesson from successful models of community development theories and experience of the world because rural development in Vietnam has been not effective. Vietnam's failure factor of rural development movement is its inability to establish a network between central and local governments and residents, not maintaining a cooperative relationship between them and not increasing the voluntary participation of residents. In the meantime, Korea, which once used to be a rural country, is expected to contribute to the Rural Development of Vietnam by reflecting the lessons and review of the SM in Korea. Rural Development Movement in Korea and Vietnam have differences in politics, cultural aspects as well as implementation period of two countries. However, this study compared two Rural Development Movement from the perspective of Local Network Governance so the differences in politics and culture were excluded. And it is also possible to compare SM to NRDM because the rural development level of two countries at the time comparative period is similar. Thus, this study tries to review the similarities, differences, effect, cooperative relationship between SM and NRDM and then find the effective Implementation Mechanism to apply SM as model for the rural development in Vietnam. Through the analysis of a bilateral rural development movement, this study has reached the point that need for rural development, the level of strength and weakness of central and local governments and the residents's participation, cooperative relationship, implementation mechanism resulting in the SM in Korea were dominated by central government at the early stage and they were changed to local government as well as residents at late stage of the Movement. That way, the residents were more voluntary to join this Movement than before with Korean Government. And then, the government and the people involved with the SM were able to get more cooperation and effect than expected. The spirit of mutual cooperation between government and the residents can be described as a weak part of rural development in Vietnam. Currently, the NRDM which has promoted rural development in Vietnam was not able to develop the rural areas because of the uneffective rural development approach and the lack of people's voluntary participation. After careful comparative analysis of SM case in order to find out the similar and different aspects, which could be applied in Vietnamese case, this study concludes that the Vietnamese Government needs to review the cooperation relationship, effect of SM in Korea in order not to repeat such occurred limitations, problems, while promoting the NRDM in Vietnam relating to the method of encouragement, education as well as the ways of cooperation relationship between the central and local governments and residents. Keywords : Saemaeul Movement in Korea, New Rural Development Movement in Vietnam, Local Network Governance, central government, local government, residents, the need for rural development, the level of strength and weakness, cooperation relationship, implementation mechanism.; ABSTRACT A Comparative Study on Implementation Mechanism and Effect of Saemaeul Movement in Korea and New Rural Development Movement in Vietnam Tran Huu Tri Dept. of Korean Studies The Graduate School of International Studies Hanyang University This thesis is about the comparative study between Implementation Mechanism and Effect of Saemaeul Movement (SM) in Korea and New Rural Development Movement (NRDM) in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to analyze and reveal the issue, implementation mechanism of NRDM as well as SM in the point of view of Local Network Governance by a comparative analysis. In addition, it focuses on applying SM model in Vietnam as one of the community development models for developing any parts which should be complemented in the future. In the 1970s, Korea began to promote the SM for rural development. Starting with the support of the central government, but because they got a very big success, such as promoting cooperation and the mobilization of residents with rural community development, as consciousness of the residents. That way, SM in Korea was appraised as the most successful model of rural development in developing countries in the international community. Vietnam's 1986 reform and economic development policy, including rural development policies were generally promoted through the opening market. However, until now there was no significant progress on rural development. Therefore, the National Convention in 2008 had announced a national program for rural development, including agriculture, rural and farmers by presenting the National Movement from 2010 until 2020 and it was designated as a top priority of the Vietnamese government's project. The Vietnamese Government is now considering that there is a demand to learn a lesson from successful models of community development theories and experience of the world because rural development in Vietnam has been not effective. Vietnam's failure factor of rural development movement is its inability to establish a network between central and local governments and residents, not maintaining a cooperative relationship between them and not increasing the voluntary participation of residents. In the meantime, Korea, which once used to be a rural country, is expected to contribute to the Rural Development of Vietnam by reflecting the lessons and review of the SM in Korea. Rural Development Movement in Korea and Vietnam have differences in politics, cultural aspects as well as implementation period of two countries. However, this study compared two Rural Development Movement from the perspective of Local Network Governance so the differences in politics and culture were excluded. And it is also possible to compare SM to NRDM because the rural development level of two countries at the time comparative period is similar. Thus, this study tries to review the similarities, differences, effect, cooperative relationship between SM and NRDM and then find the effective Implementation Mechanism to apply SM as model for the rural development in Vietnam. Through the analysis of a bilateral rural development movement, this study has reached the point that need for rural development, the level of strength and weakness of central and local governments and the residents's participation, cooperative relationship, implementation mechanism resulting in the SM in Korea were dominated by central government at the early stage and they were changed to local government as well as residents at late stage of the Movement. That way, the residents were more voluntary to join this Movement than before with Korean Government. And then, the government and the people involved with the SM were able to get more cooperation and effect than expected. The spirit of mutual cooperation between government and the residents can be described as a weak part of rural development in Vietnam. Currently, the NRDM which has promoted rural development in Vietnam was not able to develop the rural areas because of the uneffective rural development approach and the lack of people's voluntary participation. After careful comparative analysis of SM case in order to find out the similar and different aspects, which could be applied in Vietnamese case, this study concludes that the Vietnamese Government needs to review the cooperation relationship, effect of SM in Korea in order not to repeat such occurred limitations, problems, while promoting the NRDM in Vietnam relating to the method of encouragement, education as well as the ways of cooperation relationship between the central and local governments and residents. Keywords : Saemaeul Movement in Korea, New Rural Development Movement in Vietnam, Local Network Governance, central government, local government, residents, the need for rural development, the level of strength and weakness, cooperation relationship, implementation mechanism.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/127414http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000428998
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GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES[S](국제학대학원) > KOREAN STUDIES(한국학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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