Development of biocompatible nanobio constructs for the sensing and therapeutic biomedical applications

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology, a fusion or the convergence of the two existing fields between nanotechnology and biotechnology, plays a vital role in biomedical applications including drug delivery, gene therapy, molecular imaging, biomarkers and biosensors. Due to nanobiotechnology, biological systems incorporated atomic or molecular grade machines are made and used to build tiny tools to study or modulate diverse properties of a biological system on molecular basis. Nanobiotechnology uses nanotechnology concepts and tools for studying the basic foundations of biology or developing medical procedures with the material that differ from the previously known synthetic or biochemical methods and proposes engineering methods for construction of biological molecules with the functions that differ essentially from their original functions. Of these applications, target-specific drug delivery and methods for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases are emerging in clinical diagnosis and R&D. Nanobiotechnology enables drug to deliver to targeted site that was inadequate to do easily reach by standard drugs. Accordingly, controlled drug delivery systems using nanobiotechnology can improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Application of nanotechnology in biosensors enables many signal transduction technologies to use in their manufacture as well as to analysis mutiple substances in vivo. Functional nanostructures (i.e., electronic, optical and magnetic nanoparticle) have been used for detection and amplification of signal in biosensors. In chapter Ⅰ, we described the concepts and applications of nanobiotechnology in the medical and clinical fields. In this thesis, the respective chapters were described nanoconstruct for pathogen detection and hydrogels as a tool for drug delivery, which were investigated on the basis of above-mentioned introduction on nanobiotechnology. In chapter Ⅱ, novel nanoprobe consisted of functionalized apoferritin and specific antibody was applied for detection of high-risk pathogen. In chapter Ⅲ, self-expander hydrogel was employed for drug delivery due to its diffusion mechanism. In chapter Ⅵ, chitosan-xanthan gum biopolymer was used for carrier of antiseptic as injectable hydrogel.