노인용 전문균형운동기구를 통한 운동이 노인의 신체수행능력, 균형능력 그리고 운동반응시간에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 노인용 전문 균형운동기구를 통한 12주간의 운동효과를 검증하기 위해 노인의 신체수행능력, 균형능력 그리고 운동반응시간을 분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있었다. 연구대상자는 S지역 K복지관을 이용하는 65세 이상의 여성노인 21명을 대상(75.4, 152.07cm, 58.35kg)으로 하였고, 운동훈련은 주 2회 12주 동안 실시하였으며 훈련 내용은 준비운동 10분, 노인용 전문균형운동기구를 통한 운동훈련을 20분–30분 동안 실시하였다. 측정방법으로 일상수행능력 검사를 위해 신체수행능력 검사(SPPB)와 4계단 오르내리기를 측정하였고, 균형능력 검사를 위해 눈 뜬 상태와 눈 감은 상태의 두 조건에서의 정적균형능력 측정과 Y타입 밸런스테스트를 이용한 동적균형능력을 측정하였으며, 운동반응 검사를 위해 지면반력기를 이용하여 소리 자극에 따른 한발 반응시간을 측정하였다. 신체수행능력(SPPB) 측정 결과, 노인의 일렬자세 균형능력이 25.80sec에서 49.23sec 향상되는 것으로 나타났고(t=.000 , p<.0), 의자에서 5회 일어서기 시간은 8.44sec에서 7.33sec 로 빨라지는 결과가 나타났으며(t=.012 , p<.0), 4계단 오르내리기 시간도 5.41sec에서 4.92sec 로 빨라졌다(t=.040 , p<.0). 균형능력 측정 결과, 눈을 뜬 조건의 정적 균형능력에서 9.41sec에서 16.88sec 로 유의한 차이가 나타났고(t=.031 , p<.05). 왼발의 동적 균형능력이 55.50sec에서 62.69sec로 길어지는 결과로 나타났다(t=.011 , p<.05). 운동반응시간 결과, Reaction time에서 0.38sec에서 0.32sec로 시간이 길어지는 결과로 나타났다(t=.018 , p<.05). 결론적으로 노인용 전문 균형운동기구를 통한 12주간 운동 훈련이 고령의 여성노인의 신체수행 능력 중 노인의 하지근력의 향상과 균형능력의 향상을 가져왔고, 눈을 뜬 조건에서의 균형능력 증가와 왼발의 동적 균형능력의 향상을 야기 시켰으며, 노인의 운동반응시간을 향상시켰다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서 제시한 노인용 전문 균형운동기구는 노인의 일상생활 수행능력을 향상시키고 상황에 대처하는 운동반응 시간을 단축시키는 효과를 가져 옴으로써, 노인의 낙상에 대한 노출을 감소시키고 예방하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보여진다. 고령화시대에 대비하여 앞으로도 계속적인 노인을 위한 다양한 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 운동기구와 운동프로그램들 개발과 보급이 필요하다고 보여지며, 이러한 노력들이 노인들의 삶과 활동영역을 넓혀줄 수 있다고 생각된다.| The purpose of this study is to analyze physical performance, balance and reaction time of the elderly to verify the effects of 12 week long exercise through balance exercise equipment for the elderly. The subjects of the study were 21 women over 65 years old who use K Welfare Center located in S area(75.4, 152.07cm, 58.35kg). Exercise training was done twice a week for 12 weeks, and each session was total 30 minutes including 10 minutes of warm-up and 20 minutes of exercising training through balance exercise equipment for the elderly. Regarding measuring method, Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)test and going up and down the 4 stairs were measured for the daily performance test, statical balance ability and dynamic balance ability with Y-type balance test were measured under the condition of opening and closing their eyes, and one foot reaction time according to sound stimulation with the use of force plateform was measured for motor response test. The result of the physical performance ability showed that their tandem stances balance ability was improved from 25.80 sec to 49.23 sec(t=.000 , p<.0), the time of standing up 5 times on the chair became faster from 8.44 sec to 7.33 sec(t=.012 , p<.0), and the time of going up and down 4 stairs also became faster from 5.41 sec to 4.92 sec(t=.040, p<.0). The result of measuring balance ability showed that statical balance ability with eyes open had significant difference from 9.41 sec to 16.88 sec(t=.031 , p<.05). and the dynamic balance ability of left foot became longer from 55.50 sec to 62.69 sec(t=.011 , p<.05). Regarding the motor response time, the reaction time became longer from 0.38 sec to 0.32 sec(t=.018 , p<.05). In conclusion, the 12 week long exercise training through balance exercise equipment for the elderly brought about improvement of their strength of lower extremity among female seniors' physical performance abilities, caused increase of balance ability and dynamic balance ability of left foot in the condition of opening eyes, and improved their motor response time. Therefore, the balance exercise equipment for the elderly suggested in this study will be helpful to reduce and prevent falling accidents of the elderly by improving daily performance ability and by reducing motor response time of coping with situations. It is necessary to continuously develop and supply exercise equipment and programs that can improve various functions of the elderly as preparation for an aging era. These efforts might expand their life and activity boundaries.; The purpose of this study is to analyze physical performance, balance and reaction time of the elderly to verify the effects of 12 week long exercise through balance exercise equipment for the elderly. The subjects of the study were 21 women over 65 years old who use K Welfare Center located in S area(75.4, 152.07cm, 58.35kg). Exercise training was done twice a week for 12 weeks, and each session was total 30 minutes including 10 minutes of warm-up and 20 minutes of exercising training through balance exercise equipment for the elderly. Regarding measuring method, Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)test and going up and down the 4 stairs were measured for the daily performance test, statical balance ability and dynamic balance ability with Y-type balance test were measured under the condition of opening and closing their eyes, and one foot reaction time according to sound stimulation with the use of force plateform was measured for motor response test. The result of the physical performance ability showed that their tandem stances balance ability was improved from 25.80 sec to 49.23 sec(t=.000 , p<.0), the time of standing up 5 times on the chair became faster from 8.44 sec to 7.33 sec(t=.012 , p<.0), and the time of going up and down 4 stairs also became faster from 5.41 sec to 4.92 sec(t=.040, p<.0). The result of measuring balance ability showed that statical balance ability with eyes open had significant difference from 9.41 sec to 16.88 sec(t=.031 , p<.05). and the dynamic balance ability of left foot became longer from 55.50 sec to 62.69 sec(t=.011 , p<.05). Regarding the motor response time, the reaction time became longer from 0.38 sec to 0.32 sec(t=.018 , p<.05). In conclusion, the 12 week long exercise training through balance exercise equipment for the elderly brought about improvement of their strength of lower extremity among female seniors' physical performance abilities, caused increase of balance ability and dynamic balance ability of left foot in the condition of opening eyes, and improved their motor response time. Therefore, the balance exercise equipment for the elderly suggested in this study will be helpful to reduce and prevent falling accidents of the elderly by improving daily performance ability and by reducing motor response time of coping with situations. It is necessary to continuously develop and supply exercise equipment and programs that can improve various functions of the elderly as preparation for an aging era. These efforts might expand their life and activity boundaries.