화학실험 시 사고예방을 위한 안전대책

Abstract

연구개발은 신규물질, 신제품개발, 공정개선 및 신규공정에 따른 원칙수립 등 창조적인 활동을 수행한다. 인류는 지속적인 연구개발과 과학기술이 고도화됨에 따라 날이 갈수록 삶은 윤택해지고 있다. 하지만, 연구개발을 하는 동안 발생되는 안전사고는 오히려 증가하는 추세이다. 특히 교육연구기관의 경우 대기업 기업부설연구소와는 다르게 안전관리시스템에서부터 안전시설 및 연구환경이 매우 열악하며, 안전사고는 매년 급증하고 있으며, 화재, 폭발, 환경오염, 화학물질 또는 가스누출, 생물안전(바이러스)사고 등 안전사고의 발생형태도 복잡다양해지고 있다. 실험실은 건축, 기계, 전기, 전자, 바이오, 의학 등 여러 분야가 있지만, 특히 화학실험실인 신소재, 화학, 화학공학, 반도체 등 화학실험실에서 발생되는 안전사고가 국내외적으로 사고발생 빈도가 가장 높으며, 화학물질 및 고압가스 등 유해.위험물질, 고압반응기, 고온로, 화학폐기물 발생. 위험도가 높은 실험기계기구 사용 등으로 사고발생 시 대형인명사고 및 재난사고로 확산될 가능성이 농후하다. 화학실험실의 특징은 소량의 다품종의 유해화학물질과 가연성, 독성가스가 많이 사용되고 있으며 학문의 융, 복합화 됨에 따라 최근에는 전기, 전자, 기계, 물리분야에도 화학실험공정과 유사하거나, 협업하여 실험을 하고 있는 추세이다. 또한 대부분 교육연구기관이 접근성이 용이한 대도심에 위치하고 있어, 안전사고의 2차적인 대형사고의 위험이 있음으로 사고예방을 위해서 만전을 기하여야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 대학교 안전관리 담당자의 입장에서 화학실험 시 발생될 수 있는 주요 위험요인인 유해화학물질, 위험물, 고압가스, 화학폐기물, 화학실험 기계기구 사용을 중점적으로 연구하여 실험 시 발생될 수 있는 안전사고의 위험성과 그리고 국내외 동종 사고사례에 대해 분석하였으며, 화학실험과 관련된 모든 관계법령을 기준으로 동종사고 재발방지를 위해서 공학적인 안전대책 및 개선방안에 대해서 제시하였다. 이 연구를 통해 화학실험에 대한 안전정책 및 안전관리 매뉴얼 작성 등의 기초자료로 활용되길 바라며, 무엇보다 대한민국의 미래를 책임지는 우수한 연구활동종사들의 안전환경 조성에 도움이 되었으면 좋겠다|Research and development (R&D) activities include creation of new materials, new product development, and process improvement. Humanity enjoys benefits of technology as R&D and scientific techniques enhances. However, safety accidents during R&D activities are in increasing trend. In particular, educational research institutes, unlike corporate research institutes, tend to have less sophisticated safety management system and are exposed to higher risk of facing safety accidents in their facilities and research environments. In fact, statistics show that educational research institutes have more and more safety accidents every year, and accidents including fire, explosion, environmental pollution, and chemical or gas leakage, Bio-safety accident are becoming more diversified and com plicated. The laboratory has many fields such as architecture, machinery, elec tricity, electronics, biotechnology, and medicine. Safety accidents occurring in laboratories such as new materials, chemicals, chemical engineering, and semiconductors that perform chemical experiments are the most frequent accidents. They are mainly caused by chemicals, high pressure gas, high pressure reactor, high temperature furnace, and chemical waste generation. There is a high possibility that the accidents will spread to large human accidents and disaster accidents due to the use of highly dangerous experimental machine tools. The chemical laboratory is characterized by the use of small quantities of harmful chemical substances, flammable and toxic gases in a small amount, and because of the fusion and synthesis of science, it has recently been used in the fields of electricity and electronics. In addition, most education research institutes are located in urban area where accessibility is easy, and there is a risk of secondary major accident of safety accident. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of toxic chemicals, hazardous materials, high - pressure gas, chemical waste, and chemical experiment equipment. The risk of safety accidents and the cases of domestic and foreign similar accidents. Based on all relevant laws and regulations related to chemical experiments, we propose engineering safety measures and improvement measures to prevent recurrence of homologous accidents. I hope that this research will be used as basic data on safety policy and safety management manual for chemical experiments, and I hope that it will help to create a safe environment for excellent researchers who are responsible for the future of Korea.; Research and development (R&D) activities include creation of new materials, new product development, and process improvement. Humanity enjoys benefits of technology as R&D and scientific techniques enhances. However, safety accidents during R&D activities are in increasing trend. In particular, educational research institutes, unlike corporate research institutes, tend to have less sophisticated safety management system and are exposed to higher risk of facing safety accidents in their facilities and research environments. In fact, statistics show that educational research institutes have more and more safety accidents every year, and accidents including fire, explosion, environmental pollution, and chemical or gas leakage, Bio-safety accident are becoming more diversified and com plicated. The laboratory has many fields such as architecture, machinery, elec tricity, electronics, biotechnology, and medicine. Safety accidents occurring in laboratories such as new materials, chemicals, chemical engineering, and semiconductors that perform chemical experiments are the most frequent accidents. They are mainly caused by chemicals, high pressure gas, high pressure reactor, high temperature furnace, and chemical waste generation. There is a high possibility that the accidents will spread to large human accidents and disaster accidents due to the use of highly dangerous experimental machine tools. The chemical laboratory is characterized by the use of small quantities of harmful chemical substances, flammable and toxic gases in a small amount, and because of the fusion and synthesis of science, it has recently been used in the fields of electricity and electronics. In addition, most education research institutes are located in urban area where accessibility is easy, and there is a risk of secondary major accident of safety accident. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of toxic chemicals, hazardous materials, high - pressure gas, chemical waste, and chemical experiment equipment. The risk of safety accidents and the cases of domestic and foreign similar accidents. Based on all relevant laws and regulations related to chemical experiments, we propose engineering safety measures and improvement measures to prevent recurrence of homologous accidents. I hope that this research will be used as basic data on safety policy and safety management manual for chemical experiments, and I hope that it will help to create a safe environment for excellent researchers who are responsible for the future of Korea.