실용음악 지망생-프로 뮤지션 간의 내적-외적 직업만족도에 대한 비교연구

Abstract

본 연구는 한국에서만 볼 수 있는 ‘실용음악’에서 음악 산업계의 주체인 실용음악 지망생과 프로 뮤지션간의 직업 만족도 차이에 관한 비교연구이다. 이를 위해 직업 만족도라는 개념을 상호지향성 모델(co-orientation model)에 적용하여 실용음악 주체들 간의 직업 만족도에 대한 인식의 차이가 어떠한 요인들에 의해 발생하는지 논의하고자 하였다. 직업 만족이란 직업 활동에서 오는 단순한 감정적 상태일 뿐만 아니라 직업 활동과 관련된 모든 요소들의 인과관계 일치 혹은 불일치에 따른 결과물이라고 정의 할 수 있다. 상호지향성 모델은 서로 다른 두 집단이 동일한 하나의 대상을 지향할 때 지향하는 대상에 대한 인식의 차이를 알아볼 수 있는 사회과학 모델이다. 이러한 연구 방법론을 통해 실용음악 생산주체인 프로 뮤지션 100명과 실용음악 지망생 100명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문을 바탕으로 독립표본 t검정, 대응표본 t검정을 통해 각 대상간의 직업 만족도에 대한 인식 차이를 알아보았다. 분석 결과, 두 집단 간의 내적 만족도에 대한 편차는 거의 나타나지 않는데 비해 외적 만족도에 대한 인식의 차이는 유의미하게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 두 집단이 ‘뮤지션’이라는 직업에 대해 가지고 있는 관점을 비교해보면, 두 집단 모두 동일한 음악적 소양을 갖고 동일한 목표를 지향하고 있는데 반해, 실용음악 지망생은 실제 프로 뮤지션이 느끼는 직업적 환경과 뮤지션이 받는 처우에 대한 인식이 충분치 않은 것에서 비롯되는 차이라고 볼 수 있다. 게다가 이러한 인식의 차이에 대한 정확한 이해와 충분한 준비가 부족한 상태에서 직업 시장에 뛰어들게 되는 일반적인 현실도 뮤지션의 직업 만족도를 떨어뜨리는 중요한 이유로 작용한다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 뮤지션의 외적 처우에 관련된 문제는 음악인 또는 음악시장 자체의 문제라기보다는 우리 사회 전반의 인식과 뮤지션을 바라보는 관점에 상당부분 연관성을 가지고 있기 때문에 장기적인 관점에서 해결 방안을 찾아가야 할 문제라 할 수 있다. 이에 대해 실용음악 지망생과 프로 뮤지션간의 직업 만족도의 차이를 결정하는 여러 가지 요인들을 정의하고, 그 격차를 줄이거나 해소할 수 있는 구체적인 방안을 찾는 노력은 음악인 스스로 선결 가능한 영역에 속한다 할 수 있으므로 우선하여 고민하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 지망생과 프로 뮤지션간의 인식의 차이가 발생하는 원인을 체계적으로 분석하고 구체화하여 보다 객관적이고 정량화된 해결 방법을 모색할 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 다양한 관점에서 업계의 현실과 그에 대한 개인적 인식의 차이를 줄여 뮤지션 지망생 스스로가 업계 환경에 대한 현실적 이해를 바탕으로 충분한 준비를 갖출 수 있게 하고, 업계 진출 시에 발생할 수 있는 외적 충격을 완화하여 직업에 대한 적응력을 키우고자 하였다. 이는 결과적으로 우리나라의 음악 산업의 양적, 질적 측면을 성장시키는 원동력이 될 것으로 확신한다.

주요어 : 실용음악, 프로 뮤지션, 뮤지션, 직업 만족도, 상호지향성 모델|ABSTRACT Study on Intrinsic-Extrinsic Job Satisfaction of Applied Music Applicants and Professional Musicians. : Applying Co-orientation Model

Park, Kwan Ik Dept. of Applied Music Graduate School of Hanyang University

This study is a comparative research on the difference in job satisfaction between an applied music applicants and a professional musicians who are the subjects of the music industrial world in “Applied Music.” To this end, this study is intending to discuss which factors caused the perception gap of job satisfaction between the subjects of applied music by applying the concept of job satisfaction to co-orientation model. Job satisfaction can be defined as output consequent on not only a simple emotional state caused by job activities but also causal relationship agreement, or disagreement in all elements related to job activities. The co-orientation model is a social science model which makes it possible to identify the difference in the perception of an aimed object when two different group aim for one and the same object. Through such a research methodology, this study conducted a survey of 100 professional musicians and another 100 applied music applicants who are the subjects of applied music. On the basis of the survey, this study looked into the difference in the perception of job satisfaction between individual objects through independent sample t-test, and matching sample t-test. The analysis results showed that the intrinsic satisfaction deviation between the two groups hardly ever appeared, whereas the difference in the perception of extrinsic satisfaction occurred significantly. This perception gap can be explained through the comparison of the two groups’ standpoint of a job as a ‘musician’; in other words, both two groups have musical knowledge, and move toward the same goal, whereas the applied music applicants have inadequate perception of the vocational environment felt by an actual professional musician and the treatment received by a musician; therefore, the perception gap between the two groups can be considered as being derived from an aspirant’s inadequate perception of the above two matters. Moreover, it can be said that even the general reality where an applied music applicants plunges into the job market in an insufficient state of accurate understanding of, and inadequate preparation for such a difference in perception works as a main reason for lowering a musician’s job satisfaction. However, it might be safe to say that the problem related to external treatment of a musician is the one, whose solution has to be found in a long-term point of view rather than a problem of a musician, or the music market itself because it has a considerable association with the general perception of a musician in society, and the perspective of looking at a musician. In relation to this, it might be desirable for a musician to preferentially give deep thought to this problem because defining various determinants in the difference in job satisfaction between an applied music applicants and a professional musician, and endeavoring after the substantial plan, which can reduce, or resolve the disparity naturally belong to the area where a musician him/herself can make a prior decision. This paper was intending to arrange a momentum for inquiring into a more objective, quantified solution by systematically analyzing and actualizing the reasons for the perception gap between an applied music applicants and a professional musician. Through this, this study, from various perspectives, tried to help build their adaptability to the job by getting aspirants for a musician to get fully prepared for a job by themselves on the basis of realistic understanding of the practical music world environment by decreasing the difference between the reality of business circles, and personal perception of it, and by alleviating an external shock that could happen in time of the entry into the related business circles. This study is convinced that the above process will be resultantly a driving force which makes the qualitative, quantitative aspects of the music industry in Korea grow.

Key words : Applied Music, Professional Musician, Job Satisfaction, Co-orientation Model; ABSTRACT Study on Intrinsic-Extrinsic Job Satisfaction of Applied Music Applicants and Professional Musicians. : Applying Co-orientation Model

Park, Kwan Ik Dept. of Applied Music Graduate School of Hanyang University

This study is a comparative research on the difference in job satisfaction between an applied music applicants and a professional musicians who are the subjects of the music industrial world in “Applied Music.” To this end, this study is intending to discuss which factors caused the perception gap of job satisfaction between the subjects of applied music by applying the concept of job satisfaction to co-orientation model. Job satisfaction can be defined as output consequent on not only a simple emotional state caused by job activities but also causal relationship agreement, or disagreement in all elements related to job activities. The co-orientation model is a social science model which makes it possible to identify the difference in the perception of an aimed object when two different group aim for one and the same object. Through such a research methodology, this study conducted a survey of 100 professional musicians and another 100 applied music applicants who are the subjects of applied music. On the basis of the survey, this study looked into the difference in the perception of job satisfaction between individual objects through independent sample t-test, and matching sample t-test. The analysis results showed that the intrinsic satisfaction deviation between the two groups hardly ever appeared, whereas the difference in the perception of extrinsic satisfaction occurred significantly. This perception gap can be explained through the comparison of the two groups’ standpoint of a job as a ‘musician’