고리 1호기 최적 해체방안 수립을 위한 4차 산업기술 적용 국내외 사례분석 연구

Abstract

This study analyzed domestic and foreign cases to derive the possibility of applying the 4th industrial technology to Kori Unit 1 Dismantling and Decommissioning process. 3D VR is a technology that realizes virtual relity that does not exist in reality. Examples include VRdose, which was introduced during the decommissioning of the Fugen nuclear power plant in Japan, and educational simulations for nuclear power plant operation in the LNPP nuclear power plant in Russia. The IOT is a technique for remotely transmitting and receiving data by connecting devices through a network. It is also actively used for predictive maintenance of core facilities of thermal power plants in Korea. An intelligent robot is a robot that moves and recognizes like a human. In the high-radiation area, intelligent robots can replace human. Various kinds of robots were used in the process of accident investigations and decommissioning at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Nuclear power plants.

There are currently two major limitations to the dismantling and decommissioning of nuclear power plants. First, there is a lack of attempts to apply new technologies due to social and technical problems. The technologies used in nuclear decommissioning are still labor intensive. Considering the fact that there will be more power plants that need to be dismantled in the future, at the beginning stage, we should make efforts to develop and invest in advanced technologies. To achieve safe and economical nuclear decommissioning methods, It is surely required national level of cooperation. Second, the standards and regulations for the application of new technologies are not clear. For the application of new technologies, consideration should be given to the impact of decommissioning power stations' digital systems and the adaption of wireless communication networks. However, clear regulations have not been developed for this part yet. Depending on the progress of the process, it is necessary to develop regulatory guidelines that can be applied step by step in consideration of the cyber security impact of the use of digital devices and the application of wireless communication networks. There are not many used cases of new technologies in worldwide decommissioning. However from the perspective of the ALARA principle, which is the core goal of the nuclear power plant decommissioning project, the creation of safety and economics through the application of the fourth industrial technology must be and ongoing part. This study in meaningful in that it has comprehensively reviewed domestic and international cases and suggested the limitations and solutions for the dismantling of Kori Unit 1. As the application and utilization of the relevant fields are being gradually performed in Korea, It is necessary to pay attention to the development of phosphorus technology for the successful implementation of the decommissioning project.|본 연구에서는 국내 최초로 수행되는 고리 1호기 해체 공정에의 4차 산업기술 적용 가능성 도출을 위한 국내 외 사례를 분석 및 연구하였다. 3D VR은 실제로는 존재하지 않는 가상의 현실을 구현하는 기술이다. 일본 Fugen 원전의 해체 시 도입된 VRdose, 러시아의 LNPP 원전의 원전 운영용 교육 시뮬레이션 등이 그 예이다. 사물인터넷은 기기들을 네트워크로 연결하여 원격으로 데이터를 송수신 하는 기법으로, 국내에서는 화력 발전소를 중심으로 국외에서는 제한 구역 내에 위치해있는 원자력 발전소의 핵심 설비에 대한 예측정비의 목적으로도 활발히 사용되고 있다. 지능형 로봇은 인간처럼 움직이고 인지하는 능력을 가진 로봇을 말한다. 고방사선 구역에서 사람을 대체해서 작업을 수행할 수 있으며 쓰리마일 아일랜드, 체르노빌, 후쿠시마 원자력 발전소의 사고 수습 및 해체 과정에서도 여러 종류의 로봇들이 사용되었다. 현재 원자력 발전소의 해체에는 두 가지 큰 제약이 있다. 첫째, 사회적 기술적 문제로 인해 신기술 적용에 대한 시도가 부족하다는 것이다. 원전 해체에서 사용되고 있는 기술들은 여전히 노동 집약적이다. 앞으로 해체가 필요한 발전소들은 더 늘어날 현실을 고려할 때에 시작단계인 현 시점에 안전하고 경제적인 원전해체를 위한 기술기반 마련을 위해, 신기술 적용 가능성 검토 및 국가 차원의 협력을 통한 적극적인 투자와 기술 개발에의 노력이 요구된다. 둘째, 신기술의 적용에 대한 기준이나 규정이 명확하지 않다. 신기술의 적용을 위해서는 해체 발전소의 디지털 기기와의 영향과 무선통신망의 적용을 위한 고려가 선행되어야 한다. 하지만 현재 해당 부분에 대한 명확한 규정은 개발되지 않은 상태이다. 공정 진행현황에 따라 디지털 기기 사용 및 무선통신망 적용에 따른 사이버보안 영향을 고려하여 단계별로 적용 가능한 규제지침의 개발이 필요하다. 전 세계적으로 아직 신기술들의 해체 적용 사례가 많지는 않다. 하지만, 원자력 발전소 해체 프로젝트의 핵심 목표인 ALARA 원칙의 관점에서 4차 산업기술들의 적용을 통한 개인 및 집단의 피폭 최소화와 경제성 창출은 앞으로 지속적으로 추구해야 할 부분임에 틀림없다. 이 연구는 국내외의 사례들을 통합하여 종합적으로 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 고리 1호기 해체수행에의 적용 한계점 및 방안을 제시했다는 데에 의의가 있다. 국내에서도 해당 분야들의 적용 및 활용이 점진적으로 수행되고 있는 만큼 해체 프로젝트 중 지속적인 기술 개발에의 관심이 필요할 것이다.; This study analyzed domestic and foreign cases to derive the possibility of applying the 4th industrial technology to Kori Unit 1 Dismantling and Decommissioning process. 3D VR is a technology that realizes virtual relity that does not exist in reality. Examples include VRdose, which was introduced during the decommissioning of the Fugen nuclear power plant in Japan, and educational simulations for nuclear power plant operation in the LNPP nuclear power plant in Russia. The IOT is a technique for remotely transmitting and receiving data by connecting devices through a network. It is also actively used for predictive maintenance of core facilities of thermal power plants in Korea. An intelligent robot is a robot that moves and recognizes like a human. In the high-radiation area, intelligent robots can replace human. Various kinds of robots were used in the process of accident investigations and decommissioning at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Nuclear power plants.

There are currently two major limitations to the dismantling and decommissioning of nuclear power plants. First, there is a lack of attempts to apply new technologies due to social and technical problems. The technologies used in nuclear decommissioning are still labor intensive. Considering the fact that there will be more power plants that need to be dismantled in the future, at the beginning stage, we should make efforts to develop and invest in advanced technologies. To achieve safe and economical nuclear decommissioning methods, It is surely required national level of cooperation. Second, the standards and regulations for the application of new technologies are not clear. For the application of new technologies, consideration should be given to the impact of decommissioning power stations' digital systems and the adaption of wireless communication networks. However, clear regulations have not been developed for this part yet. Depending on the progress of the process, it is necessary to develop regulatory guidelines that can be applied step by step in consideration of the cyber security impact of the use of digital devices and the application of wireless communication networks. There are not many used cases of new technologies in worldwide decommissioning. However from the perspective of the ALARA principle, which is the core goal of the nuclear power plant decommissioning project, the creation of safety and economics through the application of the fourth industrial technology must be and ongoing part. This study in meaningful in that it has comprehensively reviewed domestic and international cases and suggested the limitations and solutions for the dismantling of Kori Unit 1. As the application and utilization of the relevant fields are being gradually performed in Korea, It is necessary to pay attention to the development of phosphorus technology for the successful implementation of the decommissioning project.