유통산업의 국민경제적 파급효과 분석

Abstract

유통산업은 국가 경제에서 중요한 역할을 담당함으로써 국가경쟁력을 결정짓는 요소로 작용한다. 이러한 측면에서 유통산업의 경제적 위상을 확인하기 위한 연구들이 진행되었지만, 그동안의 선행연구들은 협의의 유통산업인 상적유통인 도소매업만 유통산업으로 분류하였다는 한계점이 있었다. 유통산업은 상적유통과 물적유통을 포괄하며, 물적유통은 생산지점으로부터 소비되는 이용지점까지의 재화 이동을 관리하여 상적유통을 지원한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 상적유통과 물적유통을 포함하는 광의의 유통산업의 국민경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 산출된 유통산업의 국민경제적 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유통산업의 생산파급효과는 약 630조로 나타났으며, 그중에서 상적유통은 약 415조(65.9%), 물적유통은 약 215조(34.1%)로 나타났다. 둘째, 유통산업의 부가가치파급효과는 약 169조로 나타났으며, 그중에서 상적유통은 약 122조(72.4%), 물적유통은 약 47조(27.6%)로 나타났다. 셋째, 유통산업의 취업파급효과는 약 370만명으로 나타났으며, 그중에서 상적유통은 약 328만명(88.9%), 물적유통은 약 41만명(11.1%)으로 나타났다.This study is an attempt to apply input-output analysis to investigate the economic impacts of the distribution industry in the national economy for the year 2012. Based on the National I-O transactions tables developed by Bank of Korea(2014), distribution industry related sectional multipliers were derived with respect to output, income and value-added. Table1, Table2, and Table3 show the current status and size of distribution industry including whole, retail, and logistics.Table 4 is finally showing the economic impact of distribution industry including whole, retail, and logistics. The result of the analysis shows that distribution industry annual economic impacts were estimated 630 trillion won of output impact, 169 trillion won of value-added impact, and 369 million full-time jobs effect, respectively. It can be summarized that the distribution industry has a high production-inducing effect, more employment-inducing effect, and value-added inducing effect.Table 5 shows the Inter-regional Input-Output Model Multipliers by industry area and this table was used for the main analysis of this study. The results of our study suggest that, from the aspect of national level, the appropriate industrial policy for distribution industry should be developed. It is also expected that the study result will be the basic resources of distribution industry not only for technical research, but also for the strategies for the industries.In this study, we tried to analyze the total economic impact of channel and distribution industry in the Korean economy. Some previous researches have tried the similar studies of the impact of channel industry. However, this study investigated the total economic impact of channel industry including logistics area on the Korean economy. The results of this study will be applied to the government policy development regarding the channel and retailing industries. The managerial implications and limitations of the results of our study were also discussed in the paper.