韓愈 ˂張中丞傳後敍˃의 후대 수용 연구― 《舊唐書》와 《新唐書》를 중심으로

Abstract

Hanyu’s <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu> describes Zhangxun and Xuyuan who lost their lives while defending Uiyancheng during the An-Shi Rebellion. Zhangxun and Xuyuan fought furiously against the enemies’ siege. They stood up to death despite insufficient food and had to eat human flesh to survive and keep fighting. But they were eventually killed after the castle fell to the enemy. Although they achieved the feat, some people criticized them for their strategic failures and inhumane acts of eating human flesh. Lihan wrote <Zhangxunzhuan> to the king to plead their innocence but the criticism did not disappear. Under these circumstances, Hanyu wrote <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu> to argue for them. This research paper examines how Hanyu’s <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu> has been passed down to 《Jiutangshu》 and 《Xintangshu》. This study finds out that in 《Jiutangshu》 the records of Zhangxun are very brief and neither explain the details of the situations in which they had to eat human flesh to survive nor provide adequate proof of Xuyuan’s betrayal. Furthermore, there is no evidence that 《Jiutangshu》 makes reference to <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu>. As a result, Zhangxun has been underestimated in 《Jiutangshu》. In contrast, 《Xintangshu》 illustrates very different viewpoints from 《Jiutangshu》. It keeps the records of Zhangxun great in detail. It also provides further detailed explanations of the reasons why human flesh had to be eaten, their strategies were not failed, and there was no betrayal of Xuyuan. All these descriptions are in accordance with the arguments of <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu>. In addition, 《Xintangshu》 has many similarities with <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu>. The book actually mentions the name of Hanyu to support his evaluation included in <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu>. Consequentially, it praises Zhangxun for his performance regarding him as a man of virtue comparable to Baiyi and Shuqi. These facts prove that 《Xintangshu》 has not only fully accepted <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu> but also achieved the purpose of Hanyu’s writing <Zhangzhongchengzhuanhouxu> in admiration of Zhangxun.